The Americas/China and India
The Americas
Prehistoric times in the Americas were marked by diverse cultures and advanced architectural practices long before any European influence. Let's look at Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, and the Americas and the influence they had on interior architecture...
MEXICO:
In ancient Mexico, civilizations like the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec thrived. The Maya constructed impressive cities with elaborate temple complexes and residential areas. Their homes varied from simple thatched-roof structures to more sophisticated stone houses that were often decorated with murals. The Aztecs built chinampas (floating gardens) and had grand palaces, with interior spaces designed for both functionality and aesthetics.
Chinapas: One of my favorite things from Xochimilco, followed by Mayan house murals.
PERU
Peru saw the rise of the Inca Empire, known for its advanced engineering and architecture. The Incas built phenomenal stone cities, such as Machu Picchu and Cusco, with precision-cut stones that fit together without the use of mortar. They were also known for using a trapezoidal shape for the Incas and doors. There was also a deep connection to the metaphysical world. Their interior spaces included ceremonial areas, living quarters, and storage facilities, allowing for practical use and of religious significance. Additionally, earlier cultures, such as the Moche and Nazca contributed to many architectural styles, including adobe brick constructions.
Machu Picchu: I had to include this since it is engraved in my memory from the time I couldn't identify this image in an architecture class...
United States
The Pueblo peoples of the Southwest built adobe homes and cliff dwellings, such as those found at Mesa Verde. These structures often featured multi-story designs and kivas—ceremonial spaces that highlighted their communal lifestyle and spiritual practices. Meanwhile, the Mississippian culture, recognized for its mound-building, constructed large earthen mounds as ceremonial centers, with nearby homes made of wood and various other materials.
China/India
Indian and Chinese architecture showcase rich cultural traditions. The Indian stupa, a mound for sacred relics, commemorates important Buddhist figures but lacks visitor space. In contrast, Chinese architecture features timber-framed structures around central courtyards, promoting communal living, with the Great Wall as a monumental fortification and pagodas blending Buddhist and local styles. Both cultures emphasize minimal furniture, with people traditionally sitting, eating, and sleeping on the floor, fostering simplicity and a strong connection to home. Together, these elements reflect the spiritual significance and craftsmanship of Indian and Chinese traditions.
ONE STEP FURTHER
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) was a groundbreaking American architect known for his innovative, organic designs that created harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. This is evident in iconic works such as Fallingwater (seen below on the right) and the Guggenheim Museum. His Hollyhock House (left) was inspired by Mesoamerican temples and pyramids, specifically from el Palenque.
Jawahar Kala Kendra, Rajasthan – Charles Correa
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